Quiz 1 · Weeks 1–5 Mock Exam
100concepts
0calculations
Questions
01Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice Which development most directly explains why agriculture increased coordination needs?
- Money and corporations immediately disappeared
- All people became fully self-sufficient
- Settlements, surplus, specialization, and trade expanded
- Resource protection no longer mattered
02Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being Why does SET question agricultural subsidies in wealthy countries?
- They can disadvantage financially insecure farmers elsewhere by creating unequal competitive conditions.
- Trade has no effect on agricultural livelihoods.
- Subsidies are identical to quotas.
- Every subsidy automatically benefits the poorest producers worldwide.
03Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A manager assigns responsibilities and designs reporting relationships. Which function is central?
- Controlling
- Leading
- Planning
- Organizing
04Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis A firm gives a foreign operator permission to use its patented process under agreed terms. Which collaboration mode is described?
- A joint venture with shared equity
- Exporting
- Licensing
- Wholly owned foreign direct investment
05Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being What is the main FBL argument for shifting factories to lower-wage countries?
- Lower costs can increase profits, reduce prices, and provide new jobs.
- Trade eliminates every distributional inequality automatically.
- Working conditions never matter to stakeholders.
- All overseas wages necessarily meet basic living needs.
06Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy A strategy account stresses rational analysis, top-down direction and linear formulation. Which school is described?
- Process school
- Transaction cost school only
- A standing operating procedure
- Content school
07Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy What is a limitation of the conventional BCG matrix highlighted by the text?
- It cannot distinguish high and low share.
- It contains no financial dimensions.
- It omits socio-ecological well-being from its two axes.
- It measures only stakeholder participation.
08Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy A document specifies the sequence for cleaning food-preparation equipment. What standing plan is it?
- An emergent strategy by definition
- A stakeholder map
- Standard operating procedure
- A five-year vision
09Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being How can ocean carbon uptake produce a harmful side effect?
- It necessarily increases ocean pH indefinitely.
- It removes the need to examine plankton or marine ecosystems.
- It eliminates every effect of atmospheric warming.
- It can increase acidity and affect marine organisms.
10Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice Which pair correctly describes materialism and individualism?
- Informal kinship; ecological migration
- Democratic member ownership; limited liability
- High value on possessions/financial well-being; high value on self-interest
- Mutual sharing; centralized redistribution
11Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process A firm buys a fashionable technology before deciding what organizational problem it should solve. Which approach best matches the warning?
- Administrative satisficing based on clear adequacy criteria
- Programmed reordering
- A deliberate pilot with agreed goals
- Random
12Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being A firm reduces noise to respect neighbors even though it is neither required nor most profitable. Which principle fits?
- A pure minimum-cost selection rule.
- Greenwashing because all community action is misleading.
- SET stakeholder centrism.
- FBL unawareness.
13Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A company reduces packaging because it saves money and reduces environmental harm. Its stated success criterion remains improved financial performance. Which approach best fits?
- FBL with no concern for externalities
- TBL
- A framework excluding all financial goals
- SET with social mission overriding financial enhancement
14Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being What concern connects monocultures with ecological vulnerability?
- Reduced biodiversity can weaken resilience.
- Biodiversity is unrelated to food-system functioning.
- Species variety makes every agricultural system less resilient.
- Monocultures necessarily maximize genetic and ecological variety.
15Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being Which statement best distinguishes a living wage from a minimum wage?
- A living wage is a bonus paid only after maximum productivity is achieved.
- Both always have the same monetary amount.
- A living wage is the lowest wage legally permitted.
- A living wage is based on basic living needs; a legal minimum may be insufficient.
16Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice A manager lets the person with the most relevant expertise guide a task, regardless of rank. Whose ideas most directly fit?
- Henry Gantt’s time-chart method
- Adam Smith’s pin-factory example
- Frederick W. Taylor’s tool optimization
- Mary Parker Follett
17Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being Which package of characteristics best matches documentational capitalism?
- Communal production without money or private business.
- Stakeholder relationships with no role for financial reporting.
- Detailed contracts, mobile labor, and stronger managerial rights.
- Relational coordination, long employee tenure, and employee protection.
18Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A supervisor develops contacts with suppliers and peer managers beyond her unit. Which role best fits?
- Figurehead
- Liaison
- Disturbance handler
- Disseminator
19Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis A firm develops a missing capability so it can enter a growing external market. Which TOWS pairing fits?
- SO
- WO
- WT
- ST
20Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy A food producer acquires the farm that supplies its ingredients. What is this in the chapter's terms?
- Downward vertical integration
- Horizontal integration
- Divestment
- Upward vertical integration
21Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being Which change would tend to increase GPI under the textbook's framework?
- More leisure time and a more equitable income distribution.
- More expenditure caused by crime-related damage.
- Greater resource depletion at unchanged consumption.
- Higher pollution costs with no other improvement.
22Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being Why can locally owned businesses generate a local multiplier effect?
- All purchases instantly leave the community.
- Local ownership guarantees zero pollution.
- Spending recirculates through local wages, suppliers, services, and retained profits.
- Local businesses can never employ professionals.
23Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis Which change best exemplifies delivering functionality rather than ownership?
- The provider conceals maintenance costs
- Customers pay to use shared equipment maintained by the provider
- The firm stops providing a useful service
- Customers must buy a new machine after each use
24Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process Which practice helps reduce escalation of commitment?
- Set unacceptable-outcome criteria and performance milestones in advance.
- Hide evidence that challenges the manager.
- Treat all sunk costs as reasons to continue.
- Avoid independent feedback.
25Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship A founder thinks she can master the tasks needed to launch her venture. Which quality is described?
- Self-efficacy
- Information asymmetry
- Moral hazard
- Supplier power
26Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process Managers know the consequences of alternatives but disagree about whose priorities should prevail. Which approach fits?
- No decision is possible
- Random
- Political
- Classical rational with full consensus
27Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being Which condition is one of the three hallmarks of meaningful work?
- Being paid the maximum wage regardless of purpose.
- Feeling valued and a sense of belonging.
- Having no connection between work and personal values.
- Never seeing who benefits from the work.
28Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis A manager hides a serious operational risk while publishing accurate sales totals. Which ethical promise is most directly violated?
- Avoid all shareholder returns
- Promote only short-term output
- Ignore future generations
- Report performance and risks honestly
29Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being What makes Coffee for Peace more than an ordinary coffee sales example?
- It evaluates success solely through bean volume.
- It links sustainable livelihoods with cross-community dialogue and peacebuilding.
- It prohibits contact between conflicting communities.
- It removes farmer compensation from its concerns.
30Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process Which condition makes early employee participation especially useful?
- Urgency leaves no possible time for consultation.
- Participation always guarantees unanimity.
- No one has relevant information.
- Their knowledge and commitment are important, and there is time to involve them.
31Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice A management arrangement works in a stable setting but fails in a volatile one. Which theory says the best method depends on such conditions?
- Contingency theory
- The figurehead role
- Theory X as a fixed employee category
- A universal one-best-way claim
32Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being Which set contains the three social well-being components used in this chapter?
- Inputs, conversion, and disposal only.
- Meaningful work, meaningful relationships, and peace and social justice.
- Jobs, goods and services, and profits.
- Contracts, quotas, and subsidies.
33Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice What is the main managerial lesson of the cosmic calendar?
- Human institutions are recent and depend on much older ecological conditions
- Management existed before the universe
- Human ownership makes nature independent of ecology
- Modern financial markets are permanent natural features
34Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy A group abandons the planned advertising campaign but reaches its sales target through an unexpected referral surge. Which outcome applies?
- Bungled attempt
- Accidental success
- Planning failure
- Planned success
35Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship Which action belongs primarily to identifying an opportunity?
- Hiring the full operating workforce
- Launching every distribution channel
- Investigating an unmet need revealed by demographic change
- Submitting a final five-year cash-flow statement
36Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy A statement explains why an organization exists and whom it serves. Which concept is it?
- Vision only
- Operational schedule
- Mission
- Portfolio market share
37Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being Which option best matches the chapter's slow-food perspective?
- Uniform anonymous supply chains regardless of impacts.
- More ultraprocessed food solely to increase sales.
- Ecological production, fair grower compensation, local connection, and less processed shared meals.
- Faster consumption as the only goal.
38Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process When might internal production be preferred to purchasing an input?
- Whenever the quoted purchase price is lower, regardless of safeguards.
- When the complete purchasing safeguards and uncertainty make buying more costly or unsuitable.
- Whenever a supplier exists.
- Only when the firm never values stakeholders.
39Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being A firm seeks maximum owner returns while reducing harms to key stakeholders when financially worthwhile. Which economic approach fits?
- An approach that excludes monetary value entirely.
- Sustenance economics.
- Hybrid economics.
- A pre-monetary clan economy.
40Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A manager relays a policy update to members of her own department. Which role is emphasized?
- Monitor
- Spokesperson
- Negotiator
- Disseminator
41Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process A bakery pays for certification to ensure purchased flour is really organic. How is that expense classified here?
- A revenue stream
- Direct wheat-growing cost
- A sunk cost by definition
- Transaction cost
42Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process An organization keeps a harmful system mainly because it already has the structure in place. What factor fits?
- Customer power
- Rare resources
- Entrepreneurial opportunity identification
- Administrative inertia
43Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being A government sets a maximum number of imported garments. What instrument is this?
- A living wage.
- A producer subsidy.
- A tariff.
- A quota.
44Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship Which elevator pitch is strongest in terms of the chapter's requirements?
- A guarantee of success without evidence
- A concise problem, solution, major obstacle, response and customer benefit
- A complete technical manual with no clear purpose
- A long history of the founder with no user problem
45Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice A planner uses mathematical models to compare alternative allocations of scarce resources. Which broad field is illustrated?
- Figurehead representation
- Management science
- Householding alone
- Informal organization alone
46Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship Supporters each contribute small amounts through a platform to fund a venture. What method is described?
- Automatic equity ownership
- Only venture capital
- A sole-proprietorship legal form
- Crowdfunding
47Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice What does Smith’s pin-factory illustration primarily demonstrate?
- Specialization and division of labor can increase coordinated productivity
- Every worker must make the whole product independently
- Corporations have no effects on social power
- All high productivity eliminates negative externalities
48Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being ACU rejects a fee increase that would maximize profit but exclude financially insecure members. Which rationale most closely matches the opening case?
- Financial viability serves member and community well-being.
- Every profitable choice is necessarily best for society.
- Banking institutions should avoid earning any surplus.
- The purpose of a cooperative is to maximize external shareholder dividends.
49Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy Why should a start-up map suppliers, customers, rivals, members and other affected parties with two-way arrows?
- Only customers can influence a firm.
- Each relationship can influence and be influenced by the venture.
- A map freezes every relationship permanently.
- Externalities cannot affect stakeholders.
50Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy An SBU has high share in a mature, low-growth industry. Which BCG category applies?
- Star
- Cash cow
- Question mark
- Pet
51Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being What is a careful conclusion about place-based organizing?
- It always prevents every social inequality.
- Geographic closeness guarantees zero emissions.
- It has no connection to ownership or resources.
- It can improve stewardship and relationships, but production methods still require assessment.
52Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice A firm uses competence-based appointments, formal records, and impersonal decision rules. Which approach fits?
- Personal favoritism as the main organizing rule
- McGregor’s Theory Y alone
- The Hawthorne effect
- Weber’s bureaucratic organizing
53Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis An online storefront helps customers evaluate, purchase and receive a product. Which BMC block is most direct?
- Key partnerships
- Cost structure
- Channels
- Customer segments
54Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy An organization establishes how it will respond if a key supplier stops delivering. What is this?
- Information distortion
- A mission statement only
- Contingency planning
- Accidental success
55Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy Which part of strategy was intended and actually put into practice?
- A possible contingency never activated
- Emergent strategy
- Unimplemented strategy
- Deliberate strategy
56Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship A small cafe has operated unchanged under inherited management. Which statement is most accurate?
- Family inheritance always proves innovation.
- It is entrepreneurial solely because it has few employees.
- Small firms cannot become entrepreneurial.
- Its small size does not by itself make its manager an entrepreneur.
57Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being Which lecture example is an externality?
- A factory's pollution imposes community harm that is absent from its recorded expenses.
- The recorded cash receipt from a clothing sale.
- The recorded wage payment to a worker.
- The recorded invoice paid for fabric.
58Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy Which vision statement quality is recommended by the textbook?
- Clear and stable while future oriented and challenging
- Focused solely on completed past tasks
- Long enough to include every operating rule
- Rewritten every week
59Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship Community feedback causes a founder to revise the idea after pilot tours. What does this demonstrate?
- Planning makes feedback unnecessary.
- The opportunity was permanently fixed at launch.
- The entrepreneurial process is iterative.
- The business model cannot be changed.
60Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A manager explains the department’s decisions at a public press briefing. Which role is emphasized?
- Disseminator
- Spokesperson
- Resource allocator
- Monitor
61Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being Why is the absence of war insufficient to establish the fullest meaning of peace?
- Stable order can coexist with oppression, inequality, or lack of dignity.
- Every stable empire necessarily treats all groups fairly.
- Social justice is defined solely by military expenditure.
- Peace has no connection to freedom or harmony.
62Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy A firm has an ability essential to its goals but no superiority over competitors. What does this establish?
- A core competency, but not necessarily a distinctive one
- A distinctive competency by definition
- A substitute from another industry
- A corporate divestment
63Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy A successful new distribution practice was not anticipated in the original strategy. What is it?
- A standing plan that already prescribed it
- Emergent strategy
- An original intended action only
- Unimplemented strategy
64Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being Which example most clearly illustrates a non-instrumental relationship?
- A manager befriends someone exclusively to obtain privileged information.
- A buyer speaks to suppliers only to extract lower prices.
- Two colleagues support one another through difficulty without expecting professional returns.
- A salesperson networks solely to increase commission.
65Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being What does the Banker's Paradox warn about in social relationships?
- Transactional logic can neglect people with high needs and little ability to provide returns.
- Financial risk has no analogy to social investment.
- The greatest need always attracts the most transactional investment.
- Friendship is necessarily equivalent to a market contract.
66Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A firm minimizes production costs while achieving a socially harmful goal. Which conclusion follows?
- It may be efficient without being effective under a broader goal criterion
- Efficiency proves the goal is appropriate
- All management approaches necessarily judge it equally successful
- Effectiveness concerns only cost minimization
67Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being A fundraiser meets students who benefit from the scholarships being funded. Which job characteristic becomes more visible?
- Import quota.
- Task significance.
- Ecological footprint.
- Currency liquidity.
68Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship Which information belongs in the new venture description?
- Only recruitment, staff training and compensation
- Opportunity, target market, mission, vision, strategy and legal form
- Only production methods and supplier arrangements
- Only a five-year financial forecast and break-even estimate
69Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being A manager exports home-country practices believing they are inherently superior to local ones. Which orientation is this?
- Ethnocentrism.
- Egalicentrism.
- Polycentrism.
- Job crafting.
70Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy What is the strongest monitoring conclusion when a goal is met?
- Ignore any external changes.
- Assume the plan caused success.
- Treat all deviations as failure regardless of outcome.
- Investigate whether the plan, unplanned actions or external events produced it.
71Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being Which statement captures the precautionary principle?
- For reasonably risky actions, lack of conclusive harm evidence is not enough; proponents should demonstrate safety.
- Assume all new technology is inherently harmful without assessment.
- Use every chemical until harm is conclusively established.
- Consider only short-term financial returns when safety is uncertain.
72Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship What is a major advantage of a Business Model Canvas over a lengthy static plan?
- It makes component relationships and revisions easier to see.
- It eliminates the need for evidence.
- It excludes social and environmental effects.
- It supplies guaranteed five-year forecasts.
73Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being A company markets recyclable bottles but encourages ever more single-use consumption and shifts blame to consumers. What should an analysis examine?
- Only whether its advertisement uses green colors.
- The assumption that recycling claims settle every life-cycle impact.
- Only whether customers have ever littered.
- Both the production model and the credibility and boundaries of its sustainability claims.
74Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy A workgroup follows every step of its plan and reaches its target. Which outcome applies?
- Bungled attempt
- Planned success
- Accidental success
- Planning failure
75Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A department head attends a ribbon-cutting solely to represent the department ceremonially. Which role best fits?
- Monitor
- Resource allocator
- Figurehead
- Negotiator
76Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis A company uses its trusted brand to respond to an external competitor’s imitation products. Which TOWS pairing fits?
- WO
- ST
- WT
- SO
77Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A manager chooses a new product strategy and estimates the resources it requires. Which function is central?
- Leading
- Organizing
- Controlling
- Planning
78Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A manager divides limited equipment time among three departments. Which role best fits?
- Negotiator
- Monitor
- Resource allocator
- Spokesperson
79Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice Two departments achieve more together than the sum of what each could achieve separately. What is illustrated?
- Entropy
- Synergy
- Bounded rationality
- Institutionalization
80Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process A SET bakery buys locally despite a cheaper foreign input because community and ecological effects matter to its mission. Which conclusion fits?
- Transaction costs are always zero locally.
- Make-or-buy criteria can extend beyond the lowest purchase price.
- SET firms need no financial viability.
- All local suppliers are guaranteed trustworthy.
81Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process A manager repeatedly overlooks unsafe working conditions because the familiar dashboard shows only profit. What best explains this?
- A cognitive script is filtering what counts as a problem.
- All decisions occur under certainty.
- Programmed decisions never involve values.
- More data automatically eliminates bias.
82Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being The lecture asks managers to consider purpose, interaction, activity, stressors, and coping. What is the most appropriate use of this list?
- Use it to require employees to disclose medical histories.
- Use it as a discussion framework for supportive conditions, rather than a diagnosis of every employee.
- Treat it as proof that all distress has one workplace cause.
- Assume an isolated productivity program settles every well-being issue.
83Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being Why is high agricultural output per worker insufficient to prove energy efficiency?
- Worker productivity and system energy efficiency are identical.
- Chemical inputs require no production energy.
- Only calories expended by human workers count as inputs.
- Machinery, fertilizers, transport, and processing may require substantial energy inputs.
84Chapter 5 · Management and Social Well-Being Which combination identifies TBLb in Figure 5.1?
- Transcendent source and individualistic focus.
- Materialistic source and individualistic focus.
- Materialistic source and holistic focus.
- Transcendent source and holistic focus.
85Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis Which statement correctly describes this practice exam’s status?
- It guarantees the actual quiz questions
- It is an original preparation aid; the syllabus lists actual quizzes as Level 0
- It authorizes live AI assistance during every assessment
- It is the instructor’s recovered answer key
86Chapter 7 · The Decision-Making Process A project leader presents only favorable feedback and dismisses every negative indicator. Which factor is most evident?
- Supplier certification
- Economies of scale
- Information distortion
- Explicit uncertainty
87Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis A group recommends a lower-scoring ACA. What does the template require?
- Change the other scores without reasons
- Hide the score totals
- Explain why the recommendation differs from the numerical result
- Treat numerical scores as irrelevant
88Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis A firm designs long-lasting products, offers repair and educates customers about avoiding unnecessary replacement. Which archetype fits best?
- Substitute with renewables and natural processes
- Develop scale-up solutions
- Create value from waste
- Encourage sufficiency
89Course tools · Ethics and Business Case Analysis How should a student reconcile Canvas’s ten-country ASEAN list with current membership?
- Recall it as the course mnemonic and note Timor-Leste made membership eleven in October 2025
- Treat membership as identical to a franchising contract
- Assume every country in Asia is a member
- Claim ASEAN still has ten members today
90Chapter 9 · Implementing Strategy A department commits to completing 100 repairs within three months. What type of goal is this?
- An industry-entry barrier
- An unrelated SBU
- A vision only
- Operational
91Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy An activity strongly restores social well-being but still creates large ecological harms. Which alternative matrix category fits?
- Fragile player
- Cash cow
- Sustainability hero
- Innocent bystander
92Chapter 1 · Introduction to Management A factory machine unexpectedly fails and a manager arranges an emergency response. Which role best fits?
- Disturbance handler
- Disseminator
- Entrepreneur
- Figurehead
93Chapter 2 · A Short History of Management Theory and Practice Which statement correctly describes limited liability in the chapter’s corporate discussion?
- Owners’ financial exposure is limited under the legal arrangement, generally to their investment
- The organization cannot ever be sued
- Managers may ignore legal obligations
- A corporation has no separate legal identity
94Chapter 4 · Management and Ecological Well-Being A grocery chain reduces waste because saved inventory costs raise profits. Which interpretation is best?
- The practice is consistent with TBL when financial gain is its main criterion.
- Any waste reduction necessarily proves SET purpose.
- Financial gains prevent a practice from reducing ecological harms.
- Waste can only occur at the household level.
95Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship An investor receives ownership shares and a say in major decisions. What financing is described?
- Supplier trade credit with no ownership
- Debt financing
- Equity financing
- A guaranteed reward donation
96Chapter 3 · Management and Financial Well-Being Which institution primarily addresses monetary stability and balance-of-payments problems?
- A local organic bakery.
- The International Monetary Fund.
- The World Fair Trade Organization.
- Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production.
97Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy A service reduces harmful waste even when doing so lowers its margin, while staying financially viable. Which strategy best fits?
- TBL only because it has customers
- Question mark
- FBL cost leadership by definition
- SET minimizer
98Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy A virtual meeting service replaces some demand for airline business travel. What force does it illustrate?
- Upward integration
- A human resource
- Substitutes
- Only direct airline rivalry
99Chapter 6 · Entrepreneurship Which canvas component describes how a service reaches its users?
- Key resources
- Management succession
- Distribution channels
- Cost structure
100Chapter 8 · Formulating Strategy A retailer lowers costs by reducing energy use and packaging, thereby improving profit. Which strategy fits?
- Unrelated diversification
- TBL cost leadership
- A random decision model
- SET transformer solely because it saves money